Here’s
another entry bent on rehabilitating that much-maligned part of speech, the
adverb. My previous post went over
beginner's errors that drive the advice sites to warn you to shun adverbs. But once you drill yourself into not making
those errors, there’s some freedom in using adverbs in a way that these sites
would normally describe as mistakes.
Adverbs
1)
Have a character habitually use an adverb (or other unnecessary word). An annoying character can say “Really,
really.” When you think about it,
doesn’t that show the character is irritating, rather than your having to tell
that fact? Or another character can
sometimes say “Evidently” or some other serious adverb, and later in the story
another character can begin a sentence with that same adverb to bug the first
character.
2)
Use an adverb to weaken a phrase. Recall
the moment in the movie Aliens when
the shuttle crashes, and the little girl Newt warns they need to get back
inside, because the aliens “mostly come out at night. Mostly.”
Notice
how that last “Mostly” deepens the tension.
It’s also a repetition, but the first “mostly” is for the rhythm of the
sentence.
3)
Place an adverb outside the main sentence.
This is hard to get the hang of, but it does lead to more colorful
sentences. Start with a nice, clean main
sentence that is not cluttered with unnecessary adverbs. Now add an additional phrase to give it
depth:
He made a
gesture with both arms, as if holding a rifle—disturbingly realistic.
Notice
how the “disturbingly realistic” does not sound shallow, but adds depth.
Here’s
another example with a complex sentence:
He could only
see disaster in the plan, but spoke diplomatically.
This
is much better than, “He spoke diplomatically about the disastrous plan.” Those who warn against using adverbs have
that more boring form of sentence in mind, but they don’t bother to tell you a
simple change in sentence structure makes it more interesting.
And
this daring gem will give a heart attack to all those bloggers who tell you to
avoid adverbs:
Painfully,
wearily, I made my way along the road that runs northward out of
Halliford.
This
last example of beginning a sentence with no less than two adverbs must be used
sparingly, or it will become obnoxious to the reader. But isn’t that more colorful writing?